Ferdinánd moszkóviai követe, Herberstein báró művének 1556. évi kiadásában világosan megkülönböztette a bölénytől:

 

 

Őstulok

 

 

Bölény

 

Bár ezeken a képeken a két állat szarva teljesen sematikus és emiatt egyforma, igazad lehet abban, hogy nem bölényfő szerepel Moldva címerében. De véleményem szerint nem is ökörfej, legalábbis nem házimarháé.

 

By the 13th century A.D., the aurochs' range was restricted to Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Moldavia, Transylvania and East Prussia. The right to hunt large animals on any land was restricted to nobles and gradually to the royal household. As the population of aurochs declined, hunting ceased but the royal court still required gamekeepers to provide open fields for the aurochs to graze in. The gamekeepers were exempted from local taxes in exchange for their service and a decree made poaching an aurochs punishable by death. In 1564, the gamekeepers knew of only 38 animals, according to the royal survey. The last recorded live aurochs, a female, died in 1627 in the Jaktorów Forest, Poland.