A hunok Kis-Ázsiába történő korai betöréseiről:

 

 

J. G. de Boer

 

The Cimmerian invasions in Anatolia and the earliest Greek colonies in the Black Sea area

 

Material from the EIA settlements along the western Black Sea coast give evidence of inner Black Sea contacts with the southern Black Sea coast and the Caucasus region. The Greeks were already acquainted with the existence of the Danube river in the 8^th century and slight traces of pre-colonial contacts can be detected from the second part of the 7^th century BC onwards. A lack of Greek material makes it evident that the EIA settlements were already deserted when the first Greek colonies were founded. This desertion coincided with the appearance of the Thraco-Cimmerian tribes, who moved along the western Black Sea coast to attack Anatolia and the Near East at the end of the 8^th century BC. The Lydian king Gyges allowed Ionian mercenaries to found Abydos in the Propontis in order to stop the inflow but this ended only when their leader Lygdamis was killed in Cilicia by the Assyrians around 630 BC opening the way for the Milesians into the Black Sea.

Histria and Orgame were the first Milesian colonies on the west coast and probably in the whole the Black Sea area. However it is still the question whether the Eusebian date for the foundation of Histria of 656 BC is preferable to that given by pseudo-Scymnos who places it at the end of the 7^th century BC. The earliest archaeological material at both Histria and the nearby site of Orgame indicate a date around 630-625 BC.

It seems that the Eusebian chronology should be downscaled and that the dates of the pseudo-Scymnos are more in agreement with the archaeological material and a historical interpretation of this period.