"Mindez miért egyezik meg időben az oroszok hódításaival a térségben"
Tyumen (Russian Тюме́нь, vö. tümen, tömény) is the oldest Russian settlement in Siberia. The Tyumen area, originally part of the Siberia Khanate, was annexed to Russia by the Cossack hetman Yermak Timofeyevich in 1585. On July 29, 1586, Tsar Feodor I ordered two regional commanders, Vasily Borisov-Sukin and Ivan Myasnoy, to construct a fortress on the site of the former Tatar town of Chimgi-Tura (also sometimes known as Tumen). Tyumen was founded on the "Tyumen Portage" on the historical trade route between Central Asia and the Volga region. Control of the portage had been continuously contested by various South Siberian nomads in the preceding centuries. As a result, early Russian settlers were often attacked by Tatar and Kalmyk raiders.
В XIII—XVI веках на берегу реки Тюменки находилась столица Тюменского ханства Чинги-Тура (Чимги-Тура). Строительство Тюменского острога было начато 29 июля 1586 года недалеко от Чинги-Туры, по указу царя Фёдора Ивановича. Об этом событии в краткой сибирской летописи сказано: "Лета 7093 (1586) посланы воеводы с Москвы Василие Борисов Сукин, да Иван Мясной, да письменный голова Данило Чулков с тремя сты человек, поставиша град Тюмень июля в 29 день, еже Чимги слых". Для крепости был выбран просторный мыс, ограниченный с запада оврагами и речкой Тюменкой, с востока — Турой. Тюмень была поставлена на древней караванной дороге из Средней Азии в Поволжье, на так называемом «Тюменском волоке», за который шла вековая борьба кочевников южной Сибири.
The Khanate of Sibir, was a Mongol-Turkic Khanate located in central Siberia. Throughout its history reign over the Sibir Khanate, was often contested between members of the illustrious Shaybanids and Taibugids, both of these competing tribes were direct patrilineal descendants of Genghis Khan through his eldest son Jochi and his fifth son Shayban (Shiban). The Sibir Khanate was itself once an integral part of the Mongol Empire, White Horde and the notable Golden Horde. The Sibir Khanate had an ethnically diverse population of Siberian Tatars, Khanty, Mansi, Nenets and Selkup people. The Sibir Khanate was the northernmost Muslim state in recorded history. It was also the second northernmost Turkic state after the Yakuts. Its conquest by Ermak in 1582 was the beginning of the Russian conquest of Siberia.
The Sibir Khanate was administered by Mirza's who originated from various Mongol-Turkic tribes. These Mirzas organized loosely knit dominions, which were all under the nominal authority of the Khan of Tyumen and Sibir. Mirza's also led the warriors of the Khanate of Sibir into battle and owed nominal allegiance to the Khan of Tyumen and Sibir. Islam was the professed religion of the Sibir Khanate, it was the religion of the ruling Khan of Tyumen and Sibir. Grand mosques, palaces and fortified walls were constructed in both Tyumen and Sibir.
The leading Imams and Muftis of the Sibir Khanate are known to have had some influences in nearby regions of Kazan and even Samarqand. The Khanate of Sibir was the northernmost Muslim state in recorded history, its territories even included the northerly shores of the Arctic Ocean.
És Tumenhez beteszik szemléltetésül Hirschvogel metszetét Herberstein útleírásának 1549. évi első kiadásából... :)
