Izgalmas téma, sok-sok képpel tálalva. Szinte minden jöhet, ami tudományos. Hatti, szumír, urartui kapcsolatok, etruszk--magyar rokonság, a Villanova-kérdés, és így tovább...
Van olyan angol fórum az etruszkokról, ahol a kedves spanyol nikktárs kitombolhatná magát?!:-D
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Kedves pergynt3!
Hogy mennyire eltér a mai magyar nyelv az én K.e. 6. századi etruszk anyanyelvemtől, azt csak mos vettem észre amikor magyarosítottad a nevemet: alig ismertem magamra! Azok az undok latinok legalább felismerhetően latinosították Aulus Feluscus-ra a nevemet.
Minoan symbolic labrys of gold, 2nd millennium BC: many have been found in the sacred cave of Arkalochori on Crete)
The Labrys is the doubleheaded axe, known to the Classical Greeks as pelekus (πέλεκυς [1] )but which predated the arrival of the Hellenes in the Aegean world. Representations of the labrys are on Neolithic finds of "Old Europe", and the labrys is continued in Minoan Thracian, Greek (and Byzantine) art and mythology. It also appears in African mythology (see Shango). Today, it is sometimes used as a symbol associated with female and matristic power.
In English the first appearance of "labrys" is reported in OED from Journal of Hellenic Studies XXI. 108 (1901): "It seems natural to interpret names of Carian sanctuaries like Labranda in the most literal sense as the place of the sacred labrys, which was the Lydian (or Carian) name for the Greek πέλεκυς, or double-edged axe." And, p. 109, "On Carian coins indeed of quite late date the labrys, set up on its long pillar-like handle, with two dependent fillets, has much the appearance of a cult image."
The non-Greek word "labrys" first appears in Plutarch as the Lydian word for axe (Greek Questions, xlv):
Herakles, having slain Hippolyte and taken her axe with the rest of her arms, gave it to Omphale. The kings of Lydia who succeeded her carried this as one of their sacred insignia of office, and passed it down from father to son until Candaules. Candaules, however, disdained it and gave it to one of his companions to carry. When Gyges rebelled and was making war upon Candaules, Arselis came with a force from Mylasa to the assistance of Gyges, slew Candaules and his companion, and took the axe to Caria with the other spoils of war. And having set up a statue of Zeus, he put the axe in his hand and called the god, "Labrandeus," labrys being the Lydian word for 'axe'. (Λυδοὶ γάρ ‘λάβρυν’ τὸν πέλεκυν ὀνομάζουσι 2.302a.) [2]
Archeology suggests that the veneration of Zeus Labraundeos at Labraunda was far older than Plutarch imagined. Like its apparent cognate "labyrinth", the word entered the Greek language as a loanword, so that its etymology, and even its original language, is not positively known. The loanword labyrinth was used in Greek, but the designation "The house of the Double Axe" for the palace at Knossos is an imaginative modern innovation.
The term, and the symbol, is most closely associated with the Minoan civilization, which reached its peak in the 2nd millennium BC. Some Minoan labrys have been found which are taller than a man and which might have been used during sacrifices. The sacrifices would likely have been of bulls. In feminist interpretations (particularly by Marija Gimbutas), it is also interpreted as a symbol of the Mother Goddess and compared to the shape of a butterfly rather than an axe.
The word labyrinthos (Mycenaean daburintos [3]) is probably connected with the word labrys. In the context of the myth of Theseus, the labyrinth of Greek mythology is frequently associated with the Minoan palace of Knossos.
On Greek vase paintings, a labrys sometimes appears in scenes of animal sacrifice, particularly as a weapon for the slaying of bulls. On the "Perseus Vase" in Berlin (F1704; ca 570–560 BC), Hephaestus ritually flees his act of slicing open the head of Zeus to free Athena: over his shoulder is the instrument he has used, the double-headed axe. (The more usual double-headed instrument of Hephaestus is the double-headed smith's hammer.) On Greek coins of the classical period (e.g. Pixodauros, etc.) a type of Zeus venerated at Labraunda in Caria that numismatists call Zeus Labraundeus stands with a tall lotus-tipped sceptre upright in his left hand and the double-headed axe over his right shoulder. The double-axe also appears in Thracian art. On the Aleksandrovo kurgan fresco, it is probably wielded by Zalmoxis.
Today, probably influenced by traditions that link the Amazons with the battle-axe (see Sagaris), the labrys is sometimes used as a symbol of female empowerment, signifying lesbianism in particular, and appearing in Wiccan ritual.
A szó etimológiáját kutatva gyakran lyukadunk ki Anatóliában:
In English the first appearance of "labrys" is reported in Oxford English Dictionary from Journal of Hellenic Studies XXI. 108 (1901): "It seems natural to interpret names of Carian sanctuaries like Labranda in the most literal sense as the place of the sacred labrys, which was the Lydian (or Carian) name for the Greek πέλεκυς, or double-edged axe." And, p. 109, "On Carian coins indeed of quite late date the labrys, set up on its long pillar-like handle, with two dependent fillets, has much the appearance of a cult image."
The non-Greek word "labrys" first appears in Plutarch as the Lydian word for axe (Greek Questions, 45):
Herakles, having slain Hippolyte and taken her axe with the rest of her arms, gave it to Omphale. The kings of Lydia who succeeded her carried this as one of their sacred insignia of office, and passed it down from father to son until Candaules. Candaules, however, disdained it and gave it to one of his companions to carry. When Gyges rebelled and was making war upon Candaules, Arselis came with a force from Mylasa to the assistance of Gyges, slew Candaules and his companion, and took the axe to Caria with the other spoils of war. And having set up a statue of Zeus, he put the axe in his hand and called the god, "Labrandeus," labrys being the Lydian word for 'axe'.
It is widely accepted that the word "Labraundeos" means in archaic Greek "shining" or "bright". The main feature of thundergod Zeus was the lightning, which of course is shining, which would be consistent with the fact that "Labraundeos" could be an epytome for "shining god". "Labry" means "shining" (λαμπρό [lambro] still means "bright" in modern Greek) and "deos" is an ancient word for "god", cognate with modern Greek "theos" (as in "theocracy", "theology"...)
Archeology suggests that the veneration of Zeus Labraundeos at Labraunda was far older than Plutarch imagined. Like its apparent cognate "labyrinth", the word entered the Greek language as a loanword, so that its etymology, and even its original language, is not positively known. The loanword labyrinth was used in Greek, but the designation "The house of the Double Axe" for the palace at Knossos is an imaginative modern innovation.
Bronz labrüsz feje Meszarából, Kréta déli részéről
Maga a nyél olyan vékony, ill. a beillesztésére szolgáló foglalat annyira szűk, hogy már ebből is egyértelmű: nem hadakozásra vagy favágásra szolgáló eszközről van szó...
Scythus Viator bucsuzik és átadja helyet a jobban ide illő Aule Feluske barátjának. Kérlek fogadjátok szeretettel!
Salve!
Aule Feluske első hozzászólása:
Lectori salutem!
Scythus Viator barátom ismét útra kelt és átadta helyét nekem, mert úgy gondolta, hogy jobban illek a topichoz. Mivelhogy bejelentkezésem után 60 percet kell várjak, hogy megszólalhassak, megengedte, hogy a neve alatt szólaljak meg legelőször a topicban.
Igyekezem majd barátom elvárásainak minden értelemben eleget tenni, ezért mindjárt első hozzászólásomban nikktársaim kedves figyelmébe ajánlom szerény próbálkozásomat:
Szeretnék egy webhelyre minél több etruszkokkal kapcsolatos webforrást (pld, cikkeket, képeket, könyveket, stb.) gyűjteni, az anyagot egy cím és dátum szerint rendezhető listába megjeleníteni, amiben egyúttal keresni is lehet. A kezdeti fázisban levő alkalmazást
From it many of the religious rites and ceremonies of Rome are said to have been derived, and even in imperial times a collegium of sixty haruspices continued to exist there.
Valóban nagy szükség lenne egy magyar nyelven is tanulmányozható linkgyűjteményre, és nagy szükség van erre a topikra is, ahol az etruszkokkal korlátozás nélkül és értelmes módon lehet foglalkozni
Egy idő óta mind azon gondolkodom, hogy jó lenne egy weblapon az ilyen és hasonló linket összegyűjteni. Természetesen az igazi egy adatbázis-alapú kis alkalmazás lenne, amiben kulcsszavakkal keresni is lehet. Már le is foglaltam a helyet egy ingyenes webszerveren (http://etruscology.brinkster.net/), de nem szántam még el magam, hogy hozzáfogjak a kódoláshoz. Ha vagyunk itt egy páran akit ez érdekelne, akkor nekifogok és a hónap végéig megcsinálom. Érdekel egy ilyen lista?
Sella curulis: karatlan hivatalos szék, a curulis magistratusok kitüntető jele (insigne), 4 S-formára hajlott s párjával keresztbe illesztett, vagy 4 egyenes lábon, elefántcsontból, márványból vagy fémből, csinos faragással vagy metszetekkel díszítve. Julius Caesarnak aranysellát ajándékozott a senatus. Suet. Caes. 70. Dio. 44, 6. A curulis tisztviselők ilyenen ültek hivatalos működésük alatt s magukkal vitték a táborba is. Hasonló hivatalos széket használtak a császárok, csakhogy nem ragaszkodtak benne az eredeti formához.
Folding stool (one of a pair), 18th century (1786)
Jean-Baptiste-Claude Sené (French, 1748–1803); Carved by Nicholas François Vallois; Possibly gilded by Chatard
Beechwood, carved and painted, upholstered in pink silk; 18 1/4 x 27 x 20 1/4 in. (46.4 x 68.6 x 51.4 cm)
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Wrightsman, 1977 (1977.102.9,.10)
This curule folding stool was part of a set of sixty-four supplied for the royal palaces of Fontainebleau and Compiègne in 1786. Each consists of four cross members of lightly curving S-shape, the upper section fluted, the lower carved with ivy trails terminating in paw feet, and the central bosses carved with a rosette. The stretchers are carved with an ivy wreath tied by a ribbon. The overall design is based upon the Roman sella curulis, or magistrate's chair, ultimately derived from the X-frame of ancient Egypt. In post-Roman history, the sella curulis was given the role of episcopal faldistorium (the medieval Latin term for folding stool) as the Roman Catholic Church communicated its authority in Europe by adopting some of the trappings of power associated with the ancient empire. In French court etiquette of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the interplay of various forms of seating (or of standing in relation to sitting) was a visible demonstration of the hierarchical social structure and corresponded closely to liturgical roles in the church. Published memoirs of the duc de Saint-Simon, Madame de Sevigny, and others elucidate the important social function of chairs and stools such as this.
Kár pénzérme, rajta az etruszkoknál is megfigyelhető labrüsz
Szumír ĝešlib-bi 'balta, fejsze, fokos'
Szumír urudlub-bi 'balta, fejsze, fokos'
Héphaisztosz isten kettős élű bárddal
Bronz labrüsz feje Meszarából, Kréta déli részéről
Minószi kétfejű bárd vagy fejsze, a labrüsz
honlap 
Rögtön egy kérdés: honnan a lelet? Kit ábrázol?
Itt vannak a sírok Tarkhunából, hogy el ne keveredjél
Élménybeszámoló a Bikák tombájából, Tarkhunából
Ugyan nem vagyok érintve, de hogy a témánál maradjunk: jelenet Tarkhunából, a Bikák tombájából...
Héthúrú hárfán játszó művész a szumír eredetű Ešnunna városának ásatásaiból (az asmari tell alatt)
Sella curulis: karatlan hivatalos szék, a curulis magistratusok kitüntető jele (insigne), 4 S-formára hajlott s párjával keresztbe illesztett, vagy 4 egyenes lábon, elefántcsontból, márványból vagy fémből, csinos faragással vagy metszetekkel díszítve. Julius Caesarnak aranysellát ajándékozott a senatus. Suet. Caes. 70. Dio. 44, 6. A curulis tisztviselők ilyenen ültek hivatalos működésük alatt s magukkal vitték a táborba is. Hasonló hivatalos széket használtak a császárok, csakhogy nem ragaszkodtak benne az eredeti formához.
Folding stool (one of a pair), 18th century (1786)
