Főleg Európa népeinek genetikai összetételéről, ami történelem során folyamatosan változott szól a topik. A neandervölyiektől kezdve. A történelmi összefüggéseken van a hangsúly.
Kár hogy ilyen drága a teljes genomos vizsgálat és ilyen lassan végezhető el, jó lenne ha sokkal több mintán végeznének ilyen vizsgálatot és mutatnának ki ilyen összefüggéseket, mint ez a apa-fiú kapcsolat.
Sokan felvetik, hogyha a honfoglalok kb tizede voltak csak az itt talalt lakossagnak, akkor a nyelvnek , ha kizarolag ok hoztak, akkor.ki kellett volna halnia, ha nincs massziv magyar nyelvu nepesseg mar a karpat medenceben az erkezesuk elott is.
De szerintem ez azzal a prklekoncepcioval el, hogyha helyben talalt nepesseg egyseges nyelvu volt akkor a behozeott.magyar nyelv eltunt volna. De en azt gondolom, hogy a magyarok az o 10 szazalekukkal, lehet hogy nem voltak relativ kissebseg. Ha az avarok elkulonultek, akkpr.lehet a nyelvuket sem adtak at, es szamos kulonbozo nyelvet beszeltek a helyiek es igy nezve a magyarok relativ alacsony aranya az egeszhez kepest nem volt elegendo ok hogy a nyelvunk eltunjon. De ez is csak laikus okoskodas
Erdekes hogy milyen tavol bukkantak apa-fiu kapcsolatra, es hogy latszik a honfoglalok keveredese a helyiekkel. Az avaroknal ilyen nem volt. Ha jol emlekszem Sudar Balazs is beszelt errol egy podcasrban/yputube videoban errol, hogy az avarok elkulonultek a helyben talataktol, mikor pedig a helyzetuk meggyengult a helyiek ellenuk fordultak. A magyarok ugy latszik szamoltak ezzel es a "know how" resze volt ami segitett megorizni az "identitasukat" a sztyeppen evszazadokon keresztul. De ez csak laikus okoskodas.
Ezekszerint a Kárpát-medence az elnéptelenedési periódusokban is sűrűbb lakosságú maradt mint alapból gondoltuk volna, és az ázsiai törzsek mindig kisebbségben voltak.
10.századi magyarok genetikája. Jól látszik, hogy ők még genetikailag távol állnak a jelenlegi magyaroktól.
A csatorna többi videóját is érdemes lecsekkolni egyébként, szó van többek között a középkori németekről, lengyelekről, a keltibérekről és az őskori vadászgyűjtögetőkről is.
Germanic-speaking populations historically form an integral component of the North and Northwest European cultural configuration. According to linguistic consensus, the common ancestor of the Germanic languages, which include German, English, Frisian, Dutch as well as the Nordic languages, was spoken in Northern Europe during the Pre-Roman Iron Age. However, important questions remain concerning the earlier Bronze Age distribution of this Indo-European language branch in Scandinavia as well as the driving factors behind its Late Iron Age diversification and expansion across the European continent. A key difficulty in addressing these questions are the existence of striking differences in the interpretation of the archaeological record, leading to various hypotheses of correlations with linguistic dispersals and changes in material culture. Moreover, these interpretations have been difficult to assess using genomics due to limited ancient genomes and the difficulty in differentiating closely related populations. Here we integrate multidisciplinary evidence from population genomics, historical sources, archaeology and linguistics to offer a fully revised model for the origins and spread of Germanic languages and for the formation of the genomic ancestry of Germanic-speaking northern European populations, while acknowledging that coordinating archaeology, linguistics and genetics is complex and potentially controversial. We sequenced 710 ancient human genomes from western Eurasia and analysed them together with 3,940 published genomes suitable for imputing diploid genotypes. We find evidence of a previously unknown, large-scale Bronze Age migration within Scandinavia, originating in the east and becoming widespread to the west and south, thus providing a new potential driving factor for the expansion of the Germanic speech community. This East Scandinavian genetic cluster is first seen 800 years after the arrival of the Corded Ware Culture, the first Steppe-related population to emerge in Northern Europe, opening a new scenario implying a Late rather than an Middle Neolithic arrival of the Germanic language group in Scandinavia. Moreover, the non-local Hunter-Gatherer ancestry of this East Scandinavian cluster is indicative of a cross-Baltic maritime rather than a southern Scandinavian land-based entry. Later in the Iron Age around 1700 BP, we find a southward push of admixed Eastern and Southern Scandinavians into areas including Germany and the Netherlands, previously associated with Celtic speakers, mixing with local populations from the Eastern North Sea coast. During the Migration Period (1575-1200 BP), we find evidence of this structured, admixed Southern Scandinavian population representing the Western Germanic Anglo-Saxon migrations into Britain and Langobards into southern Europe. During the Migration Period, we detect a previously unknown northward migration back into Southern Scandinavia, partly replacing earlier inhabitants and forming the North Germanic-speaking Viking-Age populations of Denmark and southern Sweden, corresponding with historically attested Danes. However, the origin and character of these major changes in Scandinavia before the Viking Age remain contested. In contrast to these Western and Northern Germanic-speaking populations, we find the Wielbark population from Poland to be primarily of Eastern Scandinavian ancestry, supporting a Swedish origin for East Germanic groups. In contrast, the later cultural descendants, the Ostrogoths and Visigoths are predominantly of Southern European ancestry implying the adoption of Gothic culture. Together, these results highlight the use of archaeology, linguistics and genetics as distinct but complementary lines of evidence
The Caucasus and surrounding areas, with their rich metal resources, became a crucible of the Bronze Age1 and the birthplace of the earliest steppe pastoralist societies2. Yet, despite this region having a large influence on the subsequent development of Europe and Asia, questions remain regarding its hunter-gatherer past and its formation of expansionist mobile steppe societies3,4,5. Here we present new genome-wide data for 131 individuals from 38 archaeological sites spanning 6,000 years. We find a strong genetic differentiation between populations north and south of the Caucasus mountains during the Mesolithic, with Eastern hunter-gatherer ancestry4,6 in the north, and a distinct Caucasus hunter-gatherer ancestry7 with increasing East Anatolian farmer admixture in the south. During the subsequent Eneolithic period, we observe the formation of the characteristic West Eurasian steppe ancestry and heightened interaction between the mountain and steppe regions, facilitated by technological developments of the Maykop cultural complex8. By contrast, the peak of pastoralist activities and territorial expansions during the Early and Middle Bronze Age is characterized by long-term genetic stability. The Late Bronze Age marks another period of gene flow from multiple distinct sources that coincides with a decline of steppe cultures, followed by a transformation and absorption of the steppe ancestry into highland populations.
Egy új tanulmány az észak-afrikai népesség megjelenéséről a mór korabeli Spanyolországban.
ABSTRACT
Background The Islamic influence on the Iberian Peninsula left an enduring legacy culturally and linguistically, however the demographic impact is less well understood. This study aims to explore the dynamics of gene flow and population structure in eastern Iberia from the early to late Medieval period through ancient DNA.
Results Our comprehensive genomic analysis uncovered gene flow from various Mediterranean regions into Iberia before the Islamic period, supporting a pre-existing pan-Mediterranean homogenization phenomenon during the Roman Empire. North African ancestry is present but sporadic in late antiquity genomes but becomes consolidated during the Islamic period. We uncovered one of the earliest dated Islamic burials in Spain, which showed high levels of inbreeding. For the first time we also prove the persistence of North African ancestry in a Christian cemetery until the 17th century, in addition to evidence of slave traffick from the Maghreb
Conclusions This study reveals the complex interaction between political events and cultural shifts that influenced the population of eastern Iberia. It highlights the existence of a slave trade and underscores the lasting impact of historical events, such as the Expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609 CE, on the region’s genetic and cultural landscape through mass population displacement and replacement.
Inkább a 11-12.századi genetikai képet konzerválták, mint pl: a székelyek is. A honfoglalók jelentősen keletibbek genetikailag mint bárki a mai Kárpát -medence környékén(a modern kori bevándorlásokat nem számítva persze).
Az nem lehet, hogy a földrajzilag és kulturálisan is elszigetelt csángók a honfoglaló magyarság eredeti génállományát őrzik, akik még nem keveredtek el a Kárpát-medence más népcsoportjaival?
The Csangos are an East-Central European ethnographic group living mainly in east of Transylvania in Romania. Traditionally, ethnography distinguishes three Csango subpopulations, the Moldavian, Gyimes and Burzenland Csangos. In our previous study we found that the Moldavian Csangos have East Asian/Siberian Turkic ancestry components that might be unique in the East-Central European region and might help to better understand the history of Hungarian speaking ethnic groups of the area. Since then, we obtained further Csango samples from Moldavia and from a distinct region of Gyimes, which two Csango subgroups are traditionally different since they live in a degree of isolation not only from other people but also from each other. Here we present the first genomic analysis of Gyimes Csangos, which intended to compare the genetic makeup of these two Csango subgroups using both allele-frequency and haplotype-based methods. The main goal of the study was to investigate the genetic isolation of the Csangos on a genome-wide SNP basis and to assess the isolation of Gyimes Csangos, which in contrast to the Moldavians was not yet studied.
Ez egy érdekes kérdés hogy hol alakulhattak ki az indoeurópai nyelvek, a mai Törökország területén vagy a Fekete-tengertől északra, a nyelvészek többsége a másodikra szavaz.
Az indoeurópaiak őseinek egy része a kaukázusi Darkveti kultúrából származott.
The Darkveti-Meshoko culture (c.5000–3500/3300 BCE) is the earliest known farming community in the Northern Caucasus, but its contribution to the genetic profile of the neighbouring steppe herders has remained unclear. We present analysis of human DNA from the Nalchik cemetery— the oldest Eneolithic site in the Northern Caucasus— which shows a link with the LowerVolga’s first herders of the Khvalynsk culture. The Nalchik male genotype combines the genes of the Caucasus hunter-gatherers, the Eastern Hunter-Gatherers and the Pre-Pottery Neolithic farmers of western Asia. Improved comparative analysis suggests that the genetic profile of certain Khvalynsk individuals shares the genetic ancestry of the Unakozovo-Nalchik type population of the Northern Caucasus’ Eneolithic. Therefore, it seems that in the first half of the 5th millennium BCE cultural and mating networks helped agriculture and pastoralism spread from West Asia across the Caucasian, into the steppes between the Don and the Volga in Eastern Europe.
