The small, five pointed, star embracing the crescent moon refers to the "morning star", which can be identified here as either Venus or Mars. The amount of "points" presented on this star has evolved over time. This evolution started with the Sumerians extending through the collapses of the Ottoman Empire and ending with the emblems used today.  Presently we are left with the current five-pointed star that is now commonly used. This graphic symbol which is used on Islamic flags evolved right out of ancient Mesopotamian iconography. This archetypal emblem can be found on many Sumerian seals where a main crescent symbol can be seen embracing a six pointed star...

 

 

 

A Bucsányi, Fancsikai és Vajday család címere

 

 

 

Szumír pecséthenger lenyomata